Metering device for electrical distributing apparatus.



E. EVANS. MUERING DEvicE FOR ELECTRICAL DlsRlBulNG APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED FEB. l0, 1914.

5218.5533 Pataluted Mar. 1.917.

@l -O C .,W'atness'es 4 l lwertsr:

' Evan Evans @i (Mini, 4 'Y b, E

narran srarrns retratar ernten.,

EVAN' EVANS, OF BERLIN,

GERMANY, assitance ro GENERAL nnnc'rnro coureur,

Acoaroaarron or Navitronic l y l Maresme :envien son: nLEcTarcAL nrsrnnnrrne APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application. filed February 10, 1914. Serial No. 317,787.

T allevwmit may concern: y

Beit knoivn that l, Evan* EVANS, a sub- 'ject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Berlin, Germany, have invented certain neiv and useful Improvements in Metering Devicesl for Electrical Distributing Apparatus, ot."u'lnch the 'following is a specifica- My invention relates to means for metering. the electric energy supplied to an electrical distributing apparatus, and more particularly' to a metering device adapted to be operatively connected to the distributing side of such apparatus. My invention is particularly' adapted to be employed in coni a'novel and improved metering means for on the distributinJ or secondar side.

electrical distributing apparatus. More par` ticularly: the object of my inventionY is to provide ,a metering means which will register the total electric energy supplied to such apparatus under anyand all conditions of load. In its application to a transformer theobject of my invention is to provide an electric meter operativelyconnected to the secondary Winding for registeringthe total electric energy supplied to the transformer vat any and all times, Whetherlthe transformer is loaded or not.

It fis often advantageous to measure the electricy energy supplied to an electrical distributing apparatus, such as a transformer, ln the case of a transformer where the energf consumption is measured on the secondary side voltage transformers are dispensed with in the first place, and in the second 'place any switchboard transformers which may be necessary are cheap, since they need be insulated only for the secondary voltage. ,ln such a method oll metering, however, the no-load consumption ot' the apparatus is not included in the metering. ln order to make allowanceforthis no-load loss, l propose to give to the meter a supplementary torque ivhich corresponds to the primary no-load consumption. -Tliis result can be accomplished in different ways, and lv have herein described and illustrated one arrangement translating devices 7.

of apparatus adapted to satisfactorilycarry out my invention. l

The features of my invention which conn Sider patentably novel are definitely vindi.- cated in theclaims appended hereto. The

details ot arrangementv and mode of oper;

ation of a satisfactory embodiment o'tmy invention will be understood 'from the Jfollowing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: i

Figure l is a diagrammatic vieuY illus- Patented Mar. 6, i917.

trating the application of my invcntionto.,

a transformer, and Fig. 2 is an elevation of the motive elements ot the electric meter shown in Fig. 1.

ln carrying out my present invention, inv.-

its 'application to a transformer, l operatively connect an electric meterto the secondary Windingl ofthe transformer, and

subject the rotatable element of the meter to a constant supplementary torque ivhich is substantially proportional to the no-load' losses of the transtorn'ler. The rotatable element of the meter is thereby. rota-ted,v when the .transformer is not loaded, .at ai rate which 1s substantially a measure of the* no load losses ot the transformer, vWhile when the transformer carrying a load 'the rate of rotation of the movable elenunt lis substantially proportional to the sum of the no-load losses and the energy distributed to the translating devices. In the embodiment of my invention herein'illustrated the srupplementary torque is produced by givingto the rotatable element of the meter a no-load voltage/'movement of a magnitude proportional to the no-load losses of the transformer. l

ileterring to Fig. l. ot' the drawings there is diagrammatically illustrated a transformer having a primary winding 5 and a secondary winding (l distributing energy. to An electric meter is operatively connected to the secondary Winding olE the transformer in'such a Way'that vit is adapted to register the total energy supplied to the transformer under any andall conditions of load. The electric meter comprises a potential coil 8 and series coils suitably arranged on laminated magnetic material l0 which is adaptedlto liorrn a path for the potemtial and series magnetic fluxes.

The rotatable element ol. the meter consists ot a disk l1 oit alilminum or other suitable Conducting material. The disk l1 is rotatably arranged inthe well known manner, in an air gap in both the potential and series magnetic circuits. A sheet metal vane 12, preferably of copper or aluminum, extends into the air gap with the disk armature 11 iii a plane parallel with the plane of ythe armature. The vane 12 isppivoted to a fixed post 13, and its position in the air `gap is adapted to be varied by moving the vane about the post as an axis.

When the vane 12 occupies the position represented in Fig. 2 of the drawings it is symmetrically arranged with respect to the middle line of the driving system of the meter, and, accordingly, exerts no influence of any sort upon the operation of the meter. If, however, the vane is turned out of this symmetrical position to the right or left there arises two voltage fields which are mutually displaced in space alid time and which pass through tlie armature" disk 11 and produce rotation thereof. v'The action of the sheet metal vane on the meter, and, accordingly, the speed of rotation of the disk 11,

varies in accordance with the magnitude of the angle by which the vane is moved from asymmetrical position. By suitably moving the vane any predetermined or desired torque may be established with nice exactness. In accordance with the principle of my invention the sheet metal vane 12 is adj usted until tlie speed of rotation of the rotatable element of the meter, when the transformer is unloaded, is substantially a measure of the transformer no-.load losses.

The operation of my improved metering device will, it is'believed, .be fully understood from the foregoing description. The rotatable element of the meter is subjected to a torque lhaving two components each tending to turn the element in the same direction. One component of the torque is predetermined by the adjustment of the vane 12 and is substantially proportional to the lio-load losses of the transformer, while the other component of the torque is substantiall y proportional to the energy distributed to the translating devices of the installa-v tion. When the translating devices are consuiniiigno energy the second component of the meter torque is zero, and the revolutions of the rotatable 4element of the meter are then proportional to the no-load losses of the transformer. It will, therefore, be evi dent that the no-load energy consumption' of the transformer is continuously added to the energy distributed by the transformer and registered. If no energy is being distributed the no load-losses alone are registered.

It will be seen from the foregoing descripvtion that I have provided a metering device which is adapted-to be connected to the dis tributing side of an electrical distributing apparatus for accurately registering the tofore mentioned my improved device possesses the furtheradvantage that the rotatable element of the meter is continuously in movement, and, accordingly, the smallest load which is .thrown on the tr'ansfornr is measured. It is well known that in 'standard ineters'an indica tion of the consumption of energy begins at about 1% of the full load, due to the inability ofthe torque pro-` duced byfa very small load to overcome the inertiaef the moving element of the meter. By the'use of my invention it is now no longer necessary, in cases where even the smallest consumption of energy is to be measured, to utilize the complicated pendulum meter, since the same results can be accurately secured with a simple and reliable motor meter embodying the yfeatures of my invention'.

While I have described herein one arrangement of apparatus for carrying out my invention it will be understood that I do not desire to be limited thereto. Numerous devices and expedients for imparting to the rotatable element of an electric meter a supple-l mentary torque substantially proportionah to a predetermined quantity will be evident to those skilled in the art, and it will, therefore, be understood that I have herein described a specific means for obtaining this supplementary torque merely-for thepurposes of illustration. I, accordingly, aim in the appended claims'to cover all modifications of my invention obvious to those skilled table element, means whereby said element'- is subjected to a torque having two components, 'oneof the components 'of said torque being substantially proportional to the noload losses of said apparatus and the other component .of said torque being substantially proportional to the energy distributed by said apparatus.

2. The combination with an electrical energy distributing apparatus .of an electric meter operatively connected to the distributing side of the apparatus and 'having arotatable element, means for producing a con stant torque substantially proportional to the rio-load losses 'pf said apparatus and tending 4to turn said element, and means whereby the torque tending to'turn said element is increased substantially in proptrtion to the energy distributed when the appa ratus carries a load.

3. The combination with anelectrcal enist :caresse ergy distributing apparatus of an electric meter operatively connected to the distributing side of the apparatus and having a .rotatable element, means for imparting to said element la continuous rotation of such amount that the revolutions or' the element aresubstantially proportional to the no-load losses of the apparatus, and means whereby the speed of rotation of said element is increased when the apparatus is distributing energy so that the revolutions of the element under such conditions are substantially pro-v portional to the sum of the no-load losses of the apparatus and the energy distributed.

t. The combination with` the secondary Winding of a transformer of an electric meter connected thereto and comprising a rotatable element7 and means for producing a torque having two componentseach tending to turn said element in the saine direction, one component cfs-aid torque being constant and substantially proportional to the no-load losses of the transformer and the other component vof said torque being substantially proportional to the load upon the transformer secondary.

5. The combination with the secondary winding of a transformer ofan electric meter connected thereto and comprising a rotatable element, a torque producing means l 'under such conditions is substantially a measure of the sum of the 11o-load losses of the transformer and the energy distributed. 6 A system of electricaldistribution comp 'ising in combination' a high tension supply system, a low tension distributing sys- Winding is distributingienergy tem, electrical means for transferring electric energy from said high tension supply system to said low tension distributing system, an electric meter operatively Iincluded in said low tension distributing system and having a rotatable element7 and torque-pros? ducing means acting upon the rotatable ele` ment of said meter whereby the element isf rotated at a speed which is a measure of the sum of the no-load losses of said electrical means and ot the energy consumed in said low tension distributing system.

ln witness "whereof, l have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of January 1914. EVAN EVANS. "litnesses: i

W'oLnEMAa HAUPT, Huisnr Heeren. 

